Nódulo mamario altamente sospechoso en paciente joven: correlación entre ultrasonido, Doppler y elastografía shear wave (SWE)
ANTECEDENTES: Femenina de 19 años de edad con cirugía mamaria previa para extirpar dos nódulos solidos que mama izquierda que tras estudio histológico mostraron ser fibroadenomas mamarios. Viene a revision porque nota sensación dolorosa en area lateral externa de la mama izquierda. No hay antecedentes familiares de cancer de ovarios o de mama, es nulípara.
HALLAZGOS SONOGRAFICOS: En radial 05 de mama izquierda se detecta nódulo sólido, hipo ecogénico de forma irregular con orientación no paralela y márgenes micro-nodulados, no muestra calcificaciones, mide aprox 1.54 X 0.73 cm (imagen1). La axila izquierda no muestra signos sonograficos de adenopatías-(imagen 6). Se le califica como BI-RADS 4-5 (patron sospechoso)
HALLAZGOS AL DOPPLER COLOR: Muestra vascularidad aumentada (figura 2)
RESULTADOS ELASTOGRAFIA SHEAR WAVE (SWE). -Se realizan 10 tomas validas de la lesion y se obtiene una mediana de 61.35 KPa y una velocidad de transmisión de 4.43 m/s. (figuras 3-4)
RECOMENDACION FINAL: Dado el patron sospechoso de la lesion se recomienda correlación con mamografía/biopsia percutánea.
PATIENT HISTORY
19-year-old female with previous breast surgery for excision of two solid nodules in the left breast, which were histologically confirmed as breast fibroadenomas. She presents for follow-up due to painful sensation in the outer lateral region of the left breast.
No family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Nulliparous patient.
ULTRASOUND FINDINGS
At the 5 o’clock radial position of the left breast, a solid hypoechoic nodule is identified, showing irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, and micro lobulated margins. No calcifications are detected.
The lesion measures approximately 1.54 × 0.73 cm (Figure 1).
The left axilla shows no sonographic evidence of lymphadenopathy.
The lesion is categorized as BI-RADS 4-5 (suspicious pattern).
COLOR DOPPLER FINDINGS
Increased internal vascularity is demonstrated on color Doppler evaluation (Figure 2).
SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY (SWE) RESULTS
Ten valid measurements were obtained from the lesion.
Median stiffness value:
- 61.35 kPa
Propagation velocity:
- 4.43 m/s
(Figures 3–4)
FINAL RECOMMENDATION
Given the suspicious imaging pattern of the lesion, correlation with mammography and ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy is recommended.
DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION AND CASE ANALYSIS
The combination of morphologic, Doppler, and elastographic findings in this young patient demonstrates a highly suspicious breast lesion despite her age and previous history of fibroadenomas.
The nodule exhibits several suspicious ultrasound criteria:
- irregular shape,
- non-parallel (“taller-than-wide”) orientation,
- microlobulated margins,
- hypoechogenicity,
- increased intralesional vascularity on color Doppler imaging.
An additional highly relevant finding is the markedly increased tissue stiffness demonstrated on shear wave elastography (SWE).
Obtained values:
- Median SWE: 61.35 kPa
- Propagation velocity: 4.43 m/s
These measurements are clearly above the ranges commonly reported for classic benign fibroadenomas, which usually demonstrate significantly lower stiffness values.
Multiple clinical studies have shown that malignant lesions frequently exceed 50–60 kPa, although overlap may exist between proliferative benign lesions and carcinomas.
It should also be noted that juvenile fibroadenomas, complex fibroadenomas, sclerosing lesions, and phyllodes tumors may occasionally demonstrate increased stiffness and mimic malignancy on both ultrasound and SWE evaluation.
However, the simultaneous presence of:
- suspicious morphologic pattern,
- hypervascularity,
- and markedly elevated elastographic stiffness,
fully justifies the BI-RADS 4-5 categorization and mandates histopathological confirmation.
The absence of visible axillary lymphadenopathy is a favorable finding, although it does not exclude early malignancy.
SUGGESTED CONCLUSION
Suspicious solid nodular lesion located at the 5 o’clock radial position of the left breast with highly suspicious ultrasound, Doppler, and elastographic characteristics.
Shear wave elastography demonstrates markedly increased tissue stiffness:
- median value of 61.35 kPa,
- propagation velocity of 4.43 m/s,
findings that significantly increase diagnostic suspicion.
No sonographic evidence of left axillary lymphadenopathy is observed.
BI-RADS 4-5
Recommended:
- mammographic correlation,
- ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy,
- and definitive histopathological evaluation.
**The present case highlights the significant diagnostic contribution of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of suspicious breast lesions, particularly in young patients where conventional mammography may have limitations due to dense breast tissue. Beyond the morphologic assessment provided by ultrasound, SWE offers quantitative information regarding tissue stiffness, improving lesion characterization and increasing diagnostic confidence. In cases with equivocal or suspicious sonographic findings, markedly elevated stiffness values may reinforce suspicion for malignancy and help prioritize biopsy and clinical management. Although SWE should never replace histopathological confirmation, its integration into multiparametric breast ultrasound protocols represents a valuable complementary tool that may improve risk stratification, reduce false reassurance in apparently benign lesions, and contribute to earlier detection of clinically significant breast cancer.
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| 6-Axila Izquierda |






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